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org.apache.lucene.analysis
public class: Token [javadoc | source]
java.lang.Object
   org.apache.lucene.analysis.Token

All Implemented Interfaces:
    Cloneable

A Token is an occurrence of a term from the text of a field. It consists of a term's text, the start and end offset of the term in the text of the field, and a type string.

The start and end offsets permit applications to re-associate a token with its source text, e.g., to display highlighted query terms in a document browser, or to show matching text fragments in a KWIC (KeyWord In Context) display, etc.

The type is a string, assigned by a lexical analyzer (a.k.a. tokenizer), naming the lexical or syntactic class that the token belongs to. For example an end of sentence marker token might be implemented with type "eos". The default token type is "word".

A Token can optionally have metadata (a.k.a. Payload) in the form of a variable length byte array. Use TermPositions#getPayloadLength() and TermPositions#getPayload(byte[], int) to retrieve the payloads from the index.

WARNING: The status of the Payloads feature is experimental. The APIs introduced here might change in the future and will not be supported anymore in such a case.

NOTE: As of 2.3, Token stores the term text internally as a malleable char[] termBuffer instead of String termText. The indexing code and core tokenizers have been changed to re-use a single Token instance, changing its buffer and other fields in-place as the Token is processed. This provides substantially better indexing performance as it saves the GC cost of new'ing a Token and String for every term. The APIs that accept String termText are still available but a warning about the associated performance cost has been added (below). The #termText() method has been deprecated.

Tokenizers and filters should try to re-use a Token instance when possible for best performance, by implementing the TokenStream#next(Token) API. Failing that, to create a new Token you should first use one of the constructors that starts with null text. To load the token from a char[] use #setTermBuffer(char[], int, int) . To load from a String use #setTermBuffer(String) or #setTermBuffer(String, int, int) . Alternatively you can get the Token's termBuffer by calling either #termBuffer() , if you know that your text is shorter than the capacity of the termBuffer or #resizeTermBuffer(int) , if there is any possibility that you may need to grow the buffer. Fill in the characters of your term into this buffer, with String#getChars(int, int, char[], int) if loading from a string, or with System#arraycopy(Object, int, Object, int, int) , and finally call #setTermLength(int) to set the length of the term text. See LUCENE-969 for details.

Typical reuse patterns:

A few things to note:

Field Summary
public static final  String DEFAULT_TYPE     
 char[] termBuffer    Characters for the term text.
     
     int termLength    Length of term text in the buffer.
       
       int startOffset    Start in source text.
         
         int endOffset    End in source text.
           
           String type    The lexical type of the token.
             
             Payload payload   
               
               int positionIncrement   
                 
                Constructor:
                 public Token() 
                 public Token(int start,
                    int end) 
                 public Token(int start,
                    int end,
                    String typ) 
                  Constructs a Token with null text and start & end offsets plus the Token type.
                  Parameters:
                  start - start offset in the source text
                  end - end offset in the source text
                  typ - the lexical type of this Token
                 public Token(int start,
                    int end,
                    int flags) 
                 public Token(String text,
                    int start,
                    int end) 
                  Constructs a Token with the given term text, and start & end offsets. The type defaults to "word." NOTE: for better indexing speed you should instead use the char[] termBuffer methods to set the term text.
                  Parameters:
                  text - term text
                  start - start offset
                  end - end offset
                 public Token(String text,
                    int start,
                    int end,
                    String typ) 
                  Constructs a Token with the given text, start and end offsets, & type. NOTE: for better indexing speed you should instead use the char[] termBuffer methods to set the term text.
                  Parameters:
                  text - term text
                  start - start offset
                  end - end offset
                  typ - token type
                 public Token(String text,
                    int start,
                    int end,
                    int flags) 
                  Constructs a Token with the given text, start and end offsets, & type. NOTE: for better indexing speed you should instead use the char[] termBuffer methods to set the term text.
                  Parameters:
                  text -
                  start -
                  end -
                  flags - token type bits
                 public Token(char[] startTermBuffer,
                    int termBufferOffset,
                    int termBufferLength,
                    int start,
                    int end) 
                Method from org.apache.lucene.analysis.Token Summary:
                clear,   clone,   clone,   endOffset,   equals,   getFlags,   getPayload,   getPositionIncrement,   hashCode,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   reinit,   resizeTermBuffer,   setEndOffset,   setFlags,   setPayload,   setPositionIncrement,   setStartOffset,   setTermBuffer,   setTermBuffer,   setTermBuffer,   setTermLength,   setTermText,   setType,   startOffset,   term,   termBuffer,   termLength,   termText,   toString,   type
                Methods from java.lang.Object:
                equals,   getClass,   hashCode,   notify,   notifyAll,   toString,   wait,   wait,   wait
                Method from org.apache.lucene.analysis.Token Detail:
                 public  void clear() 
                  Resets the term text, payload, flags, and positionIncrement to default. Other fields such as startOffset, endOffset and the token type are not reset since they are normally overwritten by the tokenizer.
                 public Object clone() 
                 public Token clone(char[] newTermBuffer,
                    int newTermOffset,
                    int newTermLength,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset) 
                  Makes a clone, but replaces the term buffer & start/end offset in the process. This is more efficient than doing a full clone (and then calling setTermBuffer) because it saves a wasted copy of the old termBuffer.
                 public final int endOffset() 
                  Returns this Token's ending offset, one greater than the position of the last character corresponding to this token in the source text. The length of the token in the source text is (endOffset - startOffset).
                 public boolean equals(Object obj) 
                 public int getFlags() 
                  EXPERIMENTAL: While we think this is here to stay, we may want to change it to be a long.

                  Get the bitset for any bits that have been set. This is completely distinct from #type() , although they do share similar purposes. The flags can be used to encode information about the token for use by other org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenFilter s.

                 public Payload getPayload() 
                  Returns this Token's payload.
                 public int getPositionIncrement() 
                  Returns the position increment of this Token.
                 public int hashCode() 
                 public  void reinit(Token prototype) 
                  Copy the prototype token's fields into this one. Note: Payloads are shared.
                 public  void reinit(Token prototype,
                    String newTerm) 
                  Copy the prototype token's fields into this one, with a different term. Note: Payloads are shared.
                 public Token reinit(String newTerm,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset) 
                 public Token reinit(String newTerm,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset,
                    String newType) 
                 public  void reinit(Token prototype,
                    char[] newTermBuffer,
                    int offset,
                    int length) 
                  Copy the prototype token's fields into this one, with a different term. Note: Payloads are shared.
                 public Token reinit(char[] newTermBuffer,
                    int newTermOffset,
                    int newTermLength,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset) 
                 public Token reinit(String newTerm,
                    int newTermOffset,
                    int newTermLength,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset) 
                 public Token reinit(char[] newTermBuffer,
                    int newTermOffset,
                    int newTermLength,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset,
                    String newType) 
                 public Token reinit(String newTerm,
                    int newTermOffset,
                    int newTermLength,
                    int newStartOffset,
                    int newEndOffset,
                    String newType) 
                 public char[] resizeTermBuffer(int newSize) 
                 public  void setEndOffset(int offset) 
                  Set the ending offset.
                 public  void setFlags(int flags) 
                 public  void setPayload(Payload payload) 
                  Sets this Token's payload.
                 public  void setPositionIncrement(int positionIncrement) 
                  Set the position increment. This determines the position of this token relative to the previous Token in a TokenStream , used in phrase searching.

                  The default value is one.

                  Some common uses for this are:

                  • Set it to zero to put multiple terms in the same position. This is useful if, e.g., a word has multiple stems. Searches for phrases including either stem will match. In this case, all but the first stem's increment should be set to zero: the increment of the first instance should be one. Repeating a token with an increment of zero can also be used to boost the scores of matches on that token.
                  • Set it to values greater than one to inhibit exact phrase matches. If, for example, one does not want phrases to match across removed stop words, then one could build a stop word filter that removes stop words and also sets the increment to the number of stop words removed before each non-stop word. Then exact phrase queries will only match when the terms occur with no intervening stop words.
                 public  void setStartOffset(int offset) 
                  Set the starting offset.
                 public final  void setTermBuffer(String buffer) 
                  Copies the contents of buffer into the termBuffer array.
                 public final  void setTermBuffer(char[] buffer,
                    int offset,
                    int length) 
                  Copies the contents of buffer, starting at offset for length characters, into the termBuffer array.
                 public final  void setTermBuffer(String buffer,
                    int offset,
                    int length) 
                  Copies the contents of buffer, starting at offset and continuing for length characters, into the termBuffer array.
                 public final  void setTermLength(int length) 
                  Set number of valid characters (length of the term) in the termBuffer array. Use this to truncate the termBuffer or to synchronize with external manipulation of the termBuffer. Note: to grow the size of the array, use #resizeTermBuffer(int) first.
                 public  void setTermText(String text) 
                Deprecated! use - #setTermBuffer(char[], int, int) or #setTermBuffer(String) or #setTermBuffer(String, int, int) .

                  Sets the Token's term text. NOTE: for better indexing speed you should instead use the char[] termBuffer methods to set the term text.
                 public final  void setType(String type) 
                  Set the lexical type.
                 public final int startOffset() 
                  Returns this Token's starting offset, the position of the first character corresponding to this token in the source text. Note that the difference between endOffset() and startOffset() may not be equal to termText.length(), as the term text may have been altered by a stemmer or some other filter.
                 public final String term() 
                  Returns the Token's term text. This method has a performance penalty because the text is stored internally in a char[]. If possible, use #termBuffer() and #termLength() directly instead. If you really need a String, use this method, which is nothing more than a convenience call to new String(token.termBuffer(), 0, token.termLength())
                 public final char[] termBuffer() 
                  Returns the internal termBuffer character array which you can then directly alter. If the array is too small for your token, use #resizeTermBuffer(int) to increase it. After altering the buffer be sure to call #setTermLength to record the number of valid characters that were placed into the termBuffer.
                 public final int termLength() 
                  Return number of valid characters (length of the term) in the termBuffer array.
                 public final String termText() 
                Deprecated! This - method now has a performance penalty because the text is stored internally in a char[]. If possible, use #termBuffer() and #termLength() directly instead. If you really need a String, use #term()

                  Returns the Token's term text.
                 public String toString() 
                 public final String type() 
                  Returns this Token's lexical type. Defaults to "word".